Microsoft Excel Shortcut keys

 

Ctrl + A            Selects the Entire Worksheet

Ctrl + B            Applies or removes bod formatting

Ctrl + C            Copies the Selected Cells

Ctrl + D            Uses the Fill Down command to copy
the contents and format of the topmost

Ctrl + F            Displays the find Dialog Box.

Ctrl + G           Displays the Go to dialog box.    

Ctrl + H           Displays the find and replace the
dialog box

Ctrl + I             Applies and removes italic formatting

Ctrl + K            Displays the insert Hyperlink

Ctrl + L             Displays
the create list dialogue box

Ctrl + N           Creates a new, blank file

Ctrl + O           Displays the Open dialog box to open
or find a file.

Ctrl + P            Displays the Print Dialog Box.

Ctrl + R            Uses the fill right command to copy
the contents and format of the leftmost

Ctrl + S            Saves the active file with its
current file name, location and file format.

Ctrl + U            Applies or removes underling.

Ctrl + V            Paste the contents of the clipboard at
the insertion point and replaces any selection

Ctrl + W           Closes the selected workbook window

Ctrl + X            Cuts the selected cells

Ctrl + Y            Repeats the last command or action,
if possible

Ctrl + Z            Uses the Undo command.

 

 

Ctrl + `             Alternate between displaying cell
values and formulas

Ctrl + 1             Displays the Format Cells dialogue
box

Ctrl + 2             Applies or removes Bold formatting

Ctrl + 3             Applices or removes Italic
Formatting

Ctrl + 4             Applies or Removes Underling.

Ctrl + 5             Applies or Removes Strikethrough.

Ctrl + 6             Alternates
between hiding objects, displaying Objects, and displaying place holders for
objects

Ctrl + 7             Displays or hides the Standard
toolbar

Ctrl + 8             Displays or hides the outline
symbols.

Ctrl + 9             Hides the selected Rows.

Ctrl + 0             Hides the Selected Columns.

Ctrl + \            In a selected Row, select the cells
that don’t match the value in the active cell.

Ctrl + [             Select cells that contain formulas
that directly reference the active cell.

Ctrl + ;             Enter the date

Ctrl + ‘             Copies a formula from the cell
above the active cell into the cell or the Formula Bar.

Ctrl + /            Select the array containing the
active cell.

 

CTRL + SHIFT  KEYS

Ctrl + Shift + A             When the insertion point is to the right of a function name
in a formula, insert the argument names and parentheses.

 Ctrl
+ Shift + O            Select all cells
that contain comments

Ctrl + Shift + Z             When the auto Correct Smart tags is displayed, undo or
redo the last automatic correction.

Ctrl + Shift + !              Apply the number format with two decimal places,
thousands separator, and mines for negative values.

Ctrl + Shift + @            Apply the Time format with the  hour and minute.

Ctrl + Shift + #             Apply the Date format with the Day, Month & Year.

Ctrl + Shift + $              Apply the currency format with two decimal places.

Ctrl + Shift + %            Apply the Percentage format with 0 decimal Places.

Ctrl + Shift + ^             Apply the Exponential Number format with two decimal places.

Ctrl + Shift + &             Apply the outline border to the
selected cells.

Ctrl + Shift + *              Select the current region around the active cells.

Ctrl + Shift + (              Unhide any hidden rows within the selection.

Ctrl + Shift + )              Unhide any hidden Columns within the selection.

Ctrl + Shift + _             Remove the outline border from the selected cells.

Ctrl + Shift + +             Insert Blank cells.

Ctrl + Shift + |             In a selected column, select the cells that don’t match
the value in the active cell.

Ctrl + Shift + {             Select all cells directly or indirectly referenced by
formulas in the selection.

Ctrl + Shift + :              Enter the time

Ctrl + Shift + “              Copy the value from the cell above the active cell into
the cell or the formula bar.

Microsoft Word Shortcut Keys

 

Ctrl+A                   Select the
entire document

Ctrl+B                   Apply bold
formatting

 Ctrl+C                  Copy the selected text or object

Ctrl+D                   Change the
formatting of characters

Ctrl+E                   Center a paragraph.

Ctrl+F                   find text, formatting, and special items.

Ctrl+G                   Go to a page, footnote or other Location.

Ctrl+H                   Replace text, specific formatting, special items

Ctrl+I                    Apply italic formatting

Ctrl+J                    Justify a paragraph.

Ctrl+K                   Insert a hyperlink

Ctrl+L                   Left a align a paragraph

Ctrl+M                  Indent a paragraph from the left.

Ctrl+N                  Create a new document

Ctrl+O                  Open a document

Ctrl+P                   Print a document

Ctrl+Q                  Remove paragraph formatting

Ctrl+R                   Right align a paragraph.

Ctrl+S                   Save a document

Ctrl+T                   Create a hanging indent

Ctrl+U                  Apply an underline

Ctrl+V                   Paste text or an object

Ctrl+W                 Close a document

Ctrl+X                   Cut the selected text or object

Ctrl+Y                   Redo or repeat an action.

Ctrl+Z                   Undo the last action.

Ctrl+[                    Decrease the size of selected text by one point.

Ctrl+\                    Expand/collapse subdocuments in a master doc.

Ctrl+                     Increase the size of selected text by one point.

Ctrl+0                   Add/remove one line space preceding a paragraph.

Ctrl+1                   Single-space lines

Ctrl+2                   Double-space lines

Ctrl+5                   Set 1.5-line spacing

Ctrl+(equal)         Apply subscript formatting (automatic
spacing).

Ctrl+Hyphen        Create a nonbreaking hyphen.

Ctrl+Minus          An en dash

 

                                CTRL  +  
SHIFT   +  KEYS:

Ctrl+Shift+A        Format letters as all capitals.

Ctrl+Shift+B        Open the Address Book.

Ctrl+Shift+C        Copy formation from text.

Ctrl+Shift+D        Double-underline text.

Ctrl+Shift+E         Turn track changes

Ctrl+Shift+G        Create a message flag.

Ctrl+Shift+H        Apply idden text formatting

Ctrl+Shift+K         Format letters as small capitals

Ctrl+Shift+L         Apply the List Style.

Ctrl+Shift+M       Remove a paragraph indent from the left.

Ctrl+Shift+N        Apply the Normal style.

Ctrl+Shift+P         Change the font size

Ctrl+Shift+Q        change the selection to the symbol font.

Ctrl+Shift+S         Apply a style.

Ctrl+Shift+T         Reduce a hanging indent

Ctrl+Shift+V        Apply 
copied formation to text.

Ctrl+Shift+W       Underline words but not spaces.

Ctrl+Shift+_         A nonbreaking hyphen

Ctrl+Shift+*         Display nonprinting characters.

Ctrl+Shift+>         Increase fornt size.

Ctrl+Shift+<         Decrease the font size.

Ctrl+Shift++         Apply superscript formatting

                                                     
ALT + KEYS:

Alt+J      Go to the Subject field.

Alt+L      Show the Tools menu

Alt+P     Open the Ms-out look Message Options dialog box.

Alt+R     Switch to Reading View.

Alt+S      Send to active document or message.

                                              ALT +
CTROL + KEYS:

Alt+Ctrl+C            The copyright symbol

Alt+Ctrl+D           Insert an endnote

Alt+Ctrl+F            Insert a footnote

Alt+Ctrl+I             Switch in our of print preview

Alt+Ctrl+K            Start Auto formot.

Alt+Ctrl+L            Insert a Listnum filed.

Alt+Ctrl+M          Insert a comment

Alt+Ctrl+N           Switch to normal view.

Alt+Ctrl+O           Switch to outline view.

Alt+Ctrl+P            Switch to print layout view.

Alt+Ctrl+R            The registered trademark symbol.

Alt+Ctrl+S            split the document window.

Alt+Ctrl+T            The trademark symbol

Alt+Ctrl+Y            Repeat find

Alt+Ctrl+1            Apply the Heading 1style.

Alt+Ctrl+2            Apply the Heading 2style.

Alt+Ctrl+3            Apply the Heading 3style.

 

                                    ALT + SHIFT
+ KEYS:

Alt+Shift+A          Expand or collapse all text or
headings.

Alt+Shift+C          Remove the document window split.

Alt+Shift+C          Close the Reviewing pane if it is
open.

Alt+Shift+D          Insert a DATE field

Alt+Shift+E          Edit a mailk –merge data document.

Alt+Shift+F          Insert a merge field.

Alt+Shift+I           Mark a table of authorities entry

Alt+Shift+K          Preview a mail merge

Alt+Shift+L          Show the first line of the body text
or all body text.

Alt+Shift+M         Print the merged document.

Alt+Shift+N         Merge a document.

Alt+Shift+O         Mark a table of contents entry.

Alt+Shift+P          Insert a PAGE field.

Alt+Shift+R          Copy the eader or footer used in the
previous section of the document.

Alt+Shift+T          Insert a TIME field.

Alt+Shift+X          Mark an index entry.

Alt+Shift+ 1         Show all headings with the Heading 1
style.

Alt+Shift+_          Collapse text under a heading.

Alt+Shift++          Expand text under a heading.

                                                    
FUNCTION KEYS:

F1                          Display the
Help window

F6                          Switch
between the Help topic and the pane with the Contents and Search tabs                       

                                  

ALT+O, and then press T               Show or hide the pane with the
Contents and Search tab

ALT+O, and then press B               Display the previously viewed
topic

ALT+O, and then press F               Display the next topic in a
previously displayed sequence of topics

ALT+O, and then press H              Display
the default topic

ALT+O, and then press S               Stop
the Help window from opening a Help topic

ALT+O, and then press R               Refresh
the topic

ALT+O, and then press I                Open
the Internet Options dialog box for Microsoft Internet                                                                     Explorer,Where you can change accessibility settings

ALT+O, and then press P               Print
all topics in a book a selected settings

ALT+O, and then press O              Turn
on or off the option to highlight search words

ALT+F4                                               Close
the Help window

PAGE UP                                            Scroll
up one screen

PAGE DOWN                                    Scroll
down one screen

Arrow Keys                                       Scroll
the page in that direction

HOME                                                Move
to the top of the page

END                                                    Move
to the bottom of the page

CTRL+HOME                                     Move
to the first page

CTRL+END                                         Move
to the last page

SPACEBAR                                         Move
to the next page

BACKSPACE                                       Move
to the previous page

PAGE UP                                            Scroll
up one page

PAGE DOWN                                    Scroll
down one page

Arrow Keys                                       Scroll
the window in that direction

HOME                                                Move
to the first page

END                                                    Move
to the last page

F11                                                      Switch
to Reading view

SPACEBAR or PAGE DOWN          Move
to the next section

BACK SPACE or PAGEUP                Move
to the previous section

UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW 
Scroll the page in that direction

LEFT ARROW                                    Move
to the previous page

RIGHT ARROW                                 Move
to the next page

 

 

 

 

 

 

                

Stock Selection for Long term Investment

 

Which
factors will determine how much you are willing to pay for a stock? 

What makes one company worth 10 times earning
and another worth 20 times?

How can be reasonably sure that you are not overpaying
for an apparently rosy future that turns out to be a murky nightmare?

Benjamin
Graham feels that five elements are crucial. Those are

•           The company’
  s “general long-term prospects”
•           The quality
  of its management.
•           It's financial
  strength and capital structure
•           Its dividend
  record
•           It's current
  dividend rate.

Lets
have a brief about these factors in the light of today s market.

Firstly
The long –term prospects  nowadays, the intelligent investor should get the previous five years Annual reports of the
company in which one wants to invest.

To
determine whether a company is an Other People’s Money (OPM) addict, read the
“Statement of Cash Flows” in the financial statements. The Cashflow Statement
of the company will segregate the cash inflows and outflows into “investing
activities” and  “financing activities” if
cash from operating activities is consistently negative, while cash from
financing activities is consistently positive, the company has a habit of   more
cash than its own businesses can produce-and you should not join the “enablers”
of that habitual abuse.

In
2002, Procter& Gamble spent about 4%of its net sales on R&D, While 3M
spent 6.5% and Johnson &Johnson 10.9%.In the long run, a company that
spends nothing on R&D is liable to higher penalties, either by convention or sale to that
spends too much on R&D.

Now
lets think about The quality and conduct of management  A company’s executives should say what they
will do, and do what they said. Read the past annual reports to see what
forecasts the managers made earlier and if they fulfilled their words or fell
short. Managers should straightforwardly admit their failures and take
responsibility for the circumstances caused due to their negligence, rather
than blaming “the economy “uncertainty,” or “week demand.” Check whether the
tone and substance of the chairman’s letter stay constant.

The
investors are the owners of the company and the management will run the company
these two people’s interest should be the same to make the company profitable. These
questions will help you determine whether the management who run the company
will act in the interests of the people who are the owners of the company:

If a
company reprices (or “reissues” or “exchanges”) its stock options for insiders, stay
away. In this scenario, a company cancels existing (and typically worthless)
stock options for employees and executives, then replace them with new ones at
advantageous prices. If their value is never allowed to go to zero, while their
potential profit is always infinite, how can options encourage good maintenance
of corporate assets? Any established company that reprices option – as dozens
of high-tech Companies have –is a disgrace. And any investor who buys stock in such
a company is a sheep begging to be shear.

Government,
shows whether a Companies senior executives and directors have been buying or
selling shares. There can be lawful reasons for an insider to sell
diversification, a bigger house a divorce settlement but repeated big sales are
a bright red flag. A manager can’t legally be your partner if he keeps selling
while you’re buying. To regulate insider trading in stock markets SEBI has
Introduced the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider trading) Regulations 2015. These
regulations will restrict the trading of persons who are in possession of Price sensitive Information.

Executives
should spend most of their time in managing their company in private, not
promoting it to the investing public. All too often, CEOs complain that stock
is undervalued no matter how high it goes – forgetting Graham’s insistence that
managers should try to keep the stock price from going either too low or too
high. Meanwhile, all too many chief financial officers give “earnings
guidance,” or guesstimate of the company’s quarterly profits.

Finally,
ask whether the company’s accounting practices are designed to make its financial
results transparent and True and fair view. if “nonrecurring” charges keep
recurring “extraordinary” items appear so often that they seem ordinary, acronyms
like EBITDA take priority over net income, you may be looking at a Company that
still not in a position of looking over or planning according to the long term
interests of the shareholders.

The
next thing we have to discuss is Financial
strength and capital structure. The most basic possible definition of a
good business is this: it generates more cash than it consumes. Good managers
keep finding ways of putting that cash to productive use. In the long  run , companies that meet this definition are
virtually certain to grow in value, no matter what the stock market does.
Whether the stock market index going too high or too low the profits and
prospects of the company should keep on growing.

In the
Annual Report of the company Start reading the financial statements with the
statement of cash flows. See whether cash from operation has grown progressively
throughout the past 10 years. Then you can go further. Warren buffett  has popularized the concept of owner
earnings, or

Net income

     +    Amortization
and depreciation,

-       Minus normal capital expenditures.

 

 “if
you owned 100% of this business, what will you think about the business at the
end of the day? The answer will be the amount earned by the business at the end
of the day” Because it adjusts for accounting entries like amortization and
depreciation these entries do not affect the company’s cash balances, this is
why the owner earnings will be a better approach for measurement than reported
net income in the financial statements of the company. To perfect the
definition of owner earnings, you should also subtract from reported net income.

•          Any costs of granting stock options, which
  divert earnings away from existing shareholders into the hands of new inside
  owners.
•          Any “unusual,” “nonrecurring,” or
  “extraordinary” charges
•          Any “income” from the company’s pension fund.

Because the above are not generated from the company
operations, hence not considered as the income of the company for the purpose
to calculation of owners earnings.

If
owner earnings per share have grown at a stable average of at least 6% or 7 %
over the past 10 years, the company is a generating a regular cash flows from
its operation, also its prospects for growth are good and the company can be
suitable for long term investment.

Next,
look at the company’s capital structure. Turn of the balance sheet to see how
much debit (including preferred stock )the company has; in general, long-term
debt should be under 50% of total capital including its reserves. In the
footnotes to the financial statements, determine whether the long-term debt is
fixed-rate with constant interest payments or variable with payments that
fluctuate, which could become costly if interest rates rise.

.

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